Understanding Kiddushin Daf Yomi Essays - Book Of Numbers, Sivan

Understanding Kiddushin Daf Yomi Sotah 17 1) WHAT PARTS OF PARSHAS SOTAH ARE WRITTEN AND ERASED QUESTION: The Mishnah cites three opinions of Tana'im regarding which verses of the Parshah of Sotah are written down and erased in the Mayim ha'Me'orerim, as the Torah commands (Bamidbar 5:23). The Parshah of Sotah (Bamidbar 5:19-22) consists of two distinct sections. The first section is a Shevu'ah with an Alah (Alah refers to a description of the punishment that will befall her if she sinned). This section is comprised of the words Im Lo Shachav Ish (second half of verse 19) until the end of verse 20. The second section is the Shevu'ah and an Alah, wherein the Kohen details to the woman what will happen to her if she sinned. Both sections begin with Tzava'os, introductory sentences telling the Kohen to administer the Shevu'ah. At the conclusion of the Parshah, the Torah tells the woman to answer Amen, Amen to the Alos. Rebbi Yosi maintains that the Kohen writes the entire Parshah. The Gemara explains that he derives from the Heh of ha'Alos (Bamidbar 5:23) that the first half of the Parshah is to be written. This first half is referred to as the Klalos ha'Ba'os Machmas Berachos (the Klalah that is implied by the Berachah). From the word Es in the phrase Es ha'Alos (ibid.) he derives that the Kohen must write the Tzava'os and Kabalos as well (the commands to the Kohen to administer the Shevu'ah, and the command to the woman to answer Amen, Amen). It seems that Rebbi Yosi holds that the Kohen starts writing from the beginning of the Parshah of Sotah, from the beginning of verse 19 (v'Hishbi'a Osah ha'Kohen), the command to the Kohen to administer the first Shevu'ah. However, RASHI on the Mishnah (DH Lo Hayah Mafsik) tells us that even according to Rebbi Yosi, the Kohen starts writing from the words Im Lo Shachav Ish (the second half of verse 19), which is the beginning of the actual Shevu'ah. He does not start writing from the beginning of the Parshah. This is also the opinion of the RAMBAM (in Perush ha'Mishnayos). Why do they not explain that Rebbi Yosi holds that the Kohen starts from the Tzava'ah of the Shevu'ah? If, like they say, Rebbi Yosi maintains that the first Tzava'ah is not written down, then what is Rebbi Yosi's source to differentiate between the two Tzava'os? The word Es, which teaches that the Tzava'ah is to be written, is an article subordinate to the word ha'Alos which refers to both the Alah and the Shevu'ah, and therefore Es should include both Tzava'os! The Es should include both the Tzava'ah of the Alah (the second Tzava'ah), and the Tzava'ah of the Klalah (the first Tzava'ah), because the Klalah itself is alluded to by the Heh of ha'Alos! ANSWER: Rashi learns from the wording of Rebbi Yosi in the Mishnah that Rebbi Yosi does not mean to include the Tzava'ah of the Klalah. Rebbi Yosi heard Rebbi Meir say that the Kohen starts from Im Lo Shachav (the beginning of the Klalah) and then skips the Tzava'ah between the Klalah and the Alah. Rebbi Yosi argues and says the Kohen did not skip anything but wrote everything from the point at which he started. Rebbi Yosi is not arguing that the Kohen starts *earlier*. Rather, he is arguing that once the Kohen has started writing the verses (from Im Lo Shachav), he continues without skipping. He agrees with Rebbi Meir that the Tzava'ah of the Klalah is not written. He argues only about writing the Tzava'ah of the Alah. How, though, does Rebbi Yosi learn from the verse to differentiate between the two Tzava'os? The answer is that Rebbi Yosi maintains that the Es is coming to add something to what is written *openly* in the verse -- the Alos, but not to something that is only hinted to in the verse, which is the Klalah (hinted to by the letter Heh of ha'Alos). 2) QUESTION: The Gemara asks why Rebbi Meir insists that the verse Im Lo Shachav is to be written and erased. Rebbi Meir holds that we cannot infer the inverse from a statement, and thus there is no point in writing the verse, If no man has lain with you and you have not committed adultery..., because it is not part of the Klalah that says that she will die if she sinned. What is the Gemara's question? Rebbi Meir says that the Heh of ha'Alos teaches that we write the Klalos ha'Ba'os Machmas Berachos. Even

Creative Technologies Analysis Essays

Creative Technologies Analysis Essays Creative Technologies Analysis Essay Creative Technologies Analysis Essay Essay Topic: and hate comments come up very regularly, which are often left unmanaged and not replied to. Moving on to Twitter, Creative has an account at http://twitter. Com/#! /creativeness, which has amassed 3,555 followers and 1,379 tweets as of 26 October 2011. The account mainly serves as a platform for Creative to address any general issues about their products and to promote their events such as Omega Contest. Apart from Faceable and Twitter, Creative has integrated the IRS feed. IRS (Really Simple Syndication) is a web standard for the delivery of content blob entries, news stories, headlines, images, video enabling readers to stay current with their favorite publications or producers without having to browse from site to site. In short, it is a one-stop location where users can stay updated on blobs and news content of their choice. Creatures website is embedded with IRS feed, which lets users subscribe to news and updates on Creative products automatically on a computer or a portable device. By doing so, loyal customers can effortlessly stay up to date on Creatures announcements and news on its new products without having to source for them manually. However, because the IRS feed simply broadcasts news to subscribers whenever there are updates, there is no proper system to sieve out news updates that customers are not interested in. For example, if a fan of Creative technology likes Creative music players only, he would not be interested in hearing news about its new Sandblaster card. Worse, the user might view subscription to the IRS feed with Creatures website to be an annoyance, leading him or her to inscribe. What is most impressive is Creatures Youth channel. On this channel, customers can choose to view video demonstrations of its various products all at one location, hence getting a further understanding of its capabilities, visually. In addition, the comment thread in Youth allows for interaction between Youth seers who participate in active discussions on the pros and cons of the various products. This information is very useful for customers to make sure that the product channel does have its demerits. The videos uploaded are controlled by Creative Headquarters and are usually nothing more than promotional videos to showcase the features of the products, Just like any commercial advertisements. Consumers may be more inclined to search for user-generated videos on Creative products which usually provide more information, especially if the consumer wants to know more about the faults and problems associated with the products they are about to buy. Although Creatures attempt at tapping into social media to expand its reach is laudable, the poor management of its foray into the social media channel has severely dented its objective in trying to retain it loyal customers by connecting with them and creating greater customer value. Clearly, more has to be done on Creatures part to integrate and improve social media into its operations and business strategies. This will portray an image of it being a firm that is up to date with technological trends for its customers to trust that they are indeed a brand that sells state-of-the-art technology, Just like Apple. . Our Proposals For Social Media The incorporation of social media generally achieves three goals for businesses: 1 . Create product awareness among the massive online audience. 2. Enable user content creation and distribution and creating a many-to-many model of mass communication, hence building customer relationships. 3. As a platform to make sales. 5. 1 Faceable Importanc e of Faceable The term social media would not have grown to such popularity and prominence if not for Faceable. It is now the worlds largest social networking website with a membership base today of more than 800 million users and growing, of which 50% go in to the portal every day. Its sheer size and scalability offers an excellent platform for viral marketing through positive word-of-mouth, leading to the coinage of the term Faceable Commerce (E-commerce). The E-commerce model relies heavily on social interactions and user contributions. A successful Faceable platform shapes dialogue and interaction to be multi-way, between the consumers themselves as well as with the companys customer service personnel. Consumers must be actively engaged and encouraged to contribute to the Faceable experience in order to increase fan conversion to customers, as well as customer retention. Integrating a successful F-commerce model into the companys existing business model will bring tremendous improvements to brand visibility, product/service relevance and quality due to direct feedback from customer base, and ultimately sales revenue. It also reduces costs associated with physical advertising by making the customers promote the companys products instead, thereby increasing profits and shareholder value. F- commerce Proposal for Creative We propose Creative create and maintain separate Faceable pages for each country and set up a social media management team consisting of technical personnel as ell as customer service representatives, with divisions for each country to maintain them. Having localized pages will better relate to the consumer base and can help the company understand specific local tastes and what the consumer preferences are, on their products, in each target market. Creative wishes to brand itself as a friendly interfaces and cool industrial designs to attract not Just the tech-sway, but also mass-market consumers. To do this, it needs to promote a culture of using Creatures products in everyday life and make the culture look accessible, hip and cool. As such, we propose modifying existing fan pages (Ireland, Italy etc. ) and creating new ones around the concept of a community lifestyle portal for this purpose. Within each fan page, segmenting the mass market users, and targeting each group individually through separate tabs would make content more relevant for consumers. Based on its target segments, we propose tabs for youth, family, kids, and mobile on-the-go. Garnering fans is essential in extending the reach of its advertising efforts. Creative should promote its Faceable page aggressively on its corporate/e-commerce website as well as physical store. Installing a fan-gate (where user has to like the Faceable page before he gets access to any page content) as well as providing one-time promo codes or discounts to anyone who likes the page are also options. Purchasing Faceable displaced would also market the companys page to accounts that may not know of its existence. Getting product content into fans news feeds, and making sure the content is impact is the next step. Creative should customize its fan page content based on local IT/music/movie happenings and integrate its products with the snippets, instead of Just posting sales announcements eke it does currently. Emphasizing email subscription is also important to reduce dependency on news feed edge rankings, which might lead to Creatures news not being posted onto fans news feeds at all. Additionally, Creative should post news on its public relations activities to increase awareness of its corporate social responsibility initiatives. This, in turn, would spread the image of a socially-conscious company, which creates positive branding. This will lead to increased sales. To make content delivery interesting, Creative should use other medium besides the usual pictures of its products and words. The social media management team could, for example, take videos of itself at work doing day-to-day activities using Creatures live! Am, and post it on its wall to give consumers a better idea of the products capabilities. This is because raw, viral videos often do more for publicity than professionally mastered advertisements. In addition, Creative should do more to encourage customers to post feedback on product purchases on its wall by replying to their comments as soon as possible, so as to create greater interaction. If the feedback is positive, staff should thank the consu mers. If it happens to be negative, staff should apologies, and clearly state the actions taken immediately to rectify the bad experience in the wall post. Doing so will prevent Creatures reputation from going down further, and makes customer service transparent. Potential customers have a better opinion of customer service, and will want to do business with company, increasing fan conversion to customers. Creative should also increase consumer input by actively engaging the Faceable fans in product discussion, design and implementation. Organizing contests for example to design skins for Zen players, beakers and tablets increases participation from young, vibrant design communities and hence increases consumer touch points. It also adds to Creatures cool, hip, and fun image. Asking for ideas on new products through the discussion tab will provide valuable information of what the market wants, and will ensure the new products products, Creative could test-drive them with a select group of active Faceable fans and ask them to post reviews on both Creatures and their own walls. This serves as an incentive for fans to be active contributors to the portal, and also increases word- f-mouth advertising of the products even before they are launched. To tap on the F- commerce phenomenon fully, the last step for Creative would then be to create a virtual seafront on Faceable itself. This allows users to complete transactions without ever having to leave the platform, reducing the hassle of multiple pop-up windows and instead making the shopping experience seamless. Creative could partner with Tack This! A third-party service from Everywhere Pet Ltd that allows companies to a seafront widget on multiple social media pages(egg. Faceable, blobs etc), all under one synchronized inventory system. Its automated order management system makes logistics easy, and automatic inventory updates reduce any chances of technical glitches in delivery. Payment is processed via Papal, debit/credit card, and even inter-bank transfer for Singapore, a feature not currently found on Cre atures e-commerce site. Challenges: There are three big challenges in using Faceable for business: building the number of Likes for its page and getting its posts noticed on a users wall among the numerous posts by a users friends and other pages that are so easy to Like these days. On December 17, 2010 The Auks Independent newspaper reported that Kit Cats Break by Break competition in combination with the advertising campaign around the brands 75th birthday has led to fans flocking to the brands Faceable page. 0,000 new users liked the brand on December 15, as of 12:00 GMT on December 16 Kit Kate has attracted nearly a further 2,000 unique likes and Jumped straight to number 8 in the daily fan charts. Hence, as mentioned earlier, Creative can organize contests and competitions, especially during special occasions, to attract attention onto its page. The last halogen is that there are still areas of the world today that has limited penetration by Faceable, for example, China, a major customer segment of Cr eative. Entities in China predominately use domestic versions of Faceable. 5. 2 Twitter Twitter and Its Impacts on Modern Business In todays globalizes world, it is important for businesses to stay as agile as possible. For corporations such as Creative, it is important for them to be informed about latest trends, updates, news and information about relevant products from their competitors. Twitter provides such capability by creating a platform for businesses ND consumers to give real-time feedback loop instantaneously. Twitter is a powerful marketing tool because it not only allows businesses to receive feedbacks and comments on their latest products, it also provides a platform for businesses to introduce their products and any upcoming events. Moreover, individuals today have developed sophisticated applications that will aid businesses in marketing analysis. Applications developed and hosted on websites such as Enforce allow users to be connected to Twitter through their mobiles and also, data to aid users in forming strategies to attract clients to their Twitter accounts. Proposal On Possible Improvements For Creative While Creative has made an attempt to respond to customers feedbacks and to make use of Twitter to promote upcoming events, it can do more. Creative can segregate marketing applications from web stores such as Enforce to analyses consumers responses and feedback about their products and events. Applications such as Crossbreed provide statistics of Creatures re-tweets from followers. Followers responses would give Creative a gauge about customers impressions and satisfaction levels of their products and events. From there, Creative can model their true events and products to better cater to customers needs and preference. Creative can also make use of applications like Twisting to forge strong relationships with important clients. Through tweets and responses, Creative can filter out customers who are unhappy about the services and products provided. From there, Creative can make use of Twisting to send real gifts to the clients. This will help to not only appease unsatisfied clients, but also to prove their customer eccentricity. Challenges: Twitter, on its own, lacks facilities for group interactions. Twitter often acts as a one-way communication platform. Many Twitter accounts, in fact, are setup to be this way with automated feeds that post content or links, especially for businesses to simply get the word out or to promote links. In such cases, people arent as invested into the service, with little or no relationship building with customers as a result. Furthermore, a concerning development for Twitter is the reports that state the percentage of users who sign up for Twitter that actually turn into daily users. A recent article on the Business Insider discussed the fact that only 15 million people in the US use Twitter. Twitter has said it has 65 million US users. That is a huge gap, and this discrepancy comes from people trying out Twitter but never becoming a frequent user, hence creating many dormant accounts. Both of these factors pose a real challenge to Creative when tapping on Twitter, as it will be unable to reach, attract, and interact with a large enough audience to Justify its initial investment. Also, Twitter does not have penetration in certain target markets of Creative. . 3 Blobs Blobs And Their Impacts On Businesses A corporation might also choose to create an external blob. A corporations external blob is a public wobble where employees or representatives of the corporation make announcements or share views about anything related to the operations of the corporation. It is generally used to promote latest products or any upcoming events organized by the corporation. Externa l blobs can be written for BBC (Business to Customers) or BIB (Business to Business) and they are generally open to comments from the public. This is to allow communication between the public and the corporation, which is crucial is a corporation wants to produce goods that are favored by its clients. Although Creative has an official website, it does not have a corporate blob that allows interactions between the company and the general public. For a large corporation like Creative, it is crucial for it to be aware of customers concerns and feedbacks. Having an external blob would allow creative to interact with its customers and to create products that are more customer-centric. Proposals on possible improvements for Creative Creative can set up an external corporate blob that allows the public to keep track of the latest products and up-to-date announcements about events and promotions. The public should also be allowed to give replies and comments about any posts should be assigned to keep track of any possible spam mails and also to reply any concerns as soon as possible. An effective blob would benefit Creative as it would be more informed about the various concerns and they can pass information efficiently to its clients. Alternatively, Creative can set up a CEO Blob. In this case, Creatures CEO Simi Wong Who can set up a public blob that addresses concerns and issues regarding his company. CEO blobs are favored by the public because they allow total transparency between the CEO and the consumers. Consumers can post concerns and Simi would be able to address those concerns personally. Creative can enlist the help of lifestyle/entertainment/tech floggers to do independent reviews on heir products for them, effectively reaching out to its target consumers. Challenges: Blob posts are generally long and tedious to create. Creative may not have the time or resources to update and maintain its blob regularly. 5. 4 Youth Youth uses Adobe Flash Video and HTML technology to display a wide variety of user-generated video content, including movie clips, TV clips, and music videos, as well as amateur content such as video blobbing and short original videos uploaded by individuals and unregistered users may watch videos, while registered users may upload an unlimited number of videos. Recently, several companies have created their own online channels within Youth, and as for Creative, this takes the form of a website with video commercials and demonstrations uploaded by Creative Headquarters there is a clear absence of user-generated videos which is what Youth prides itself for. The existing Youth channel could be further improved by featuring user-generated videos that provide more useful and independent information regarding their products. This will help to increase user time spent as an interactive online community is created. E. G. Person X could create a video based on he pros and cons of buying a TO speaker, and when someone posts questions on the video, Person X and the entire community can engage in discussions about the product, with the Creative administrator simply Just going through the threads to see if queries and information are accurately answered. Through the creation of an online community, formation of interest groups will be facilitated, leading to sharing of knowledge and experiences regarding products. There will also be increased sense of belonging to the community associated with ownership of videos.

Statistics in Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Statistics in Business - Essay Example ii. Inferential statistics is the second type that deals with the collection of samples from a large statistical set of data and deducing general conclusions. Therefore, descriptive statistics summarizes business data while inferential statistics computes the same information in the form of representative samples. i. Nominal statistics. It is the categorical discrete data for example names that represent the units being measured. In business such names may include examples like the types of cars being sold or the organizational department involved in a particular transaction ii. Ordinal or Rank. Refers to the ordering or ranking of the quantities being measured. A business empire may choose to rate its departments in a particular order of merit when conducting statistical analysis iii. Interval data. It is similar to ordinal in terms of ranking except for the fact the intervals between statistical values are split on an equal basis. Financial information appertaining to a business can be split orderly to create equal intervals to aid in statistical analysis iv. Ratios. Show statistical relationships between various sets of data. Therefore, comparison of financial and other statistical business information is made possible. Examples of business ratios are liquidity, profitability and efficiency Statistics gives a scope of the market and enable the managing body of a business to plan appropriately for the customers. When statistical analysis is conducted on a representative sample of customers, the process becomes cost-effective because not every customer has to be involved. Therefore, the organization is able to formulate a cost-effective financial plan in relation to the target market. Leaders in business organizations make vital decisions for the business. Such decisions should be supported by an accurate and substantive basis. Statistical

Drug Use and Abuse Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Drug Use and Abuse - Assignment Example What changes in a family might discourage drug abuse?The family is the basic unit in the society and shapes the behaviour of the individual. A family that exposes the students to vices such as violence and exposure to drugs promotes drug abuse. The presence of drugs in the house will tempt students to use drugs.Families should encourage dialogue to ensure that children do not turn to drugs as a way to relieve stress. Drugs such as alcohol and cigarettes should be kept away from the students. The parents should avoid arguing when the children are around. Exposing the children to violence should be avoided (Maisto, Galizio, and Connors 423).  3. Adolescents can be a challenging group to teach. Why might this group of students be disposed to experiment with drugs? Adolescence is the stage between childhood and adulthood. This group is a challenging group to teach because it is characterized by the need for independence. Adolescents are prone to experiment with drugs compared to other groups. Educating the adolescence the impacts of drug abuse is important in the battle against drugs. Peer pressure is one of the reasons that lead to drug abuse by adolescents. Stability in the family also exposes the group to drugs. The availability of drugs and a culture that accepts drug use puts the adolescents at risk of drug abuse. Academic pressure may also lead to drug abuse by the group. Alcohol is a legal drug that is abused by students due to its availability and cost. Alcohol enters the body orally or through the mouth.

Plato's Allegory of the Cave Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Plato's Allegory of the Cave - Essay Example This is because we are being told lies every minute of our lives. Currently people are chained to a wall known as stereotypes. We are made to believe that the stereotypes we see in the media are precisely the same in reality, something which is not true. Most ignorant individuals have it that every Muslim is a terrorist .Generally, most people falsely believe that all American lasses are full figured idealists, Asians are quite smart, the Irish take Guinness the whole day, Canadians dwell in igloos, Mexicans are field laborer and Jamaicans are forever high. Most Americans currently think that anybody hailing from Middle East is a suicide bomber or a Muslim terrorist. The media which is the inferno behind us is portraying these stereotypes with ignorance fueling the inferno. People therefore, have to break free from the wall, get past the inferno and out of the cave to really observe things as they are in reality (Hanly, 2007). People thus, need to re-educate themselves on what they should believe about various nationalities as well as cultures surrounding us. Breaking free form the wall will allow us to view people for their individual characters and who they really are, instead of some ill thought of stereotypical

IT Corporate Strategy for Competitive Advantage

IT Corporate Strategy for Competitive Advantage IT Strategy – The Corporate Strategy for Competitive Advantage? The last few decades have seen a tremendous advance in the field of information technology. The rise of internet and the developments in the field of information technology have had a great impact on business. New methods of communications and managing business operations have changed the face of business. This increased use of technology resulted in an awareness of the need for technology strategies, and many companies soon realised that a coherent IT strategy was required in order to put technology to good use. There is now widespread awareness of the strategic importance of information technology. Bakos and Treacy (1986) pointed out that the opportunities arising from information technology are threefold: improved efficiency and effectiveness of the organisation, out-manoeuvring other participants in the industry, and the advantage an outsider can give themselves when trying to enter the industry. They further point out that these opportunities represent three major strategic views of corporate strategy: internal strategy, competitive strategy and business portfolio strategy. Evan and Wurster (2000) state that the new economics of information blows traditional business structures to bits and the pieces of will then recombine into new business structures. What this translates to is that, the varied possibilities offered by information technology breaks up traditional reach and supply chain structures – an ever widening target market can be reached using the new technologies, and the economics of supply and delivery is broken with the new technological methods of delivery . Once example of this is the newspaper business. The delivery of online news reaches a much wider audience, while the economics of traditional newspaper delivery is lost. Another side effect of the increased reach offered by information technology is that the need for intermediaries is greatly reduced. The newspaper business will probably need fewer outlets to physically sell their newspapers. The economics of using intermediaries also changes substantially. Another industry that has experienced a revolution caused by information technology is the travel industry. Package holiday travel agents on the high street have faced severe competition from competitors who have used technology to gain great competitive advantage – there are many business selling airline tickets, hotel bookings, etc. online; the companies that do business online have great advantages in various areas such as reach, cost of conducting business, the advantages provided by instant updates for both the busi ness and customers, etc. Johnson et al (2005) in fact regard technological changes as one of the change elements of the (business) environment. Environmental analysis is usually done using PESTLE analysis, scenario analysis, SWOT analysis, etc. Analysis of technological change is one of the pillars of PESTLE analysis. Johnson et al (2005) further point out that the SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis for LINK, the network of UK ATMs, revealed that the threat it would face was from a competitor with the capability to develop more advanced technologies to capture the future market. This is in fact an example of the strategic gap the gap between the capabilities of an organisation and the major environmental factors of change. The extent to which an organisation keeps up with the state of the art developments in its field often creates a strategic gap. The strategic gap is important because it measures the gap between the now, the organisations current position, and the desired, the o rganisations desired position. Globalisation, that phenomenon of increased integration of markets around the world, is often attributed to free trade and economic treaties between most countries of the world; however, information technology has also been a major enabling factor in globalisation. New technologies have allowed instant communication, the transfer and dissemination of information to wider audiences and to audiences that have been otherwise out of reach, and correspondingly, have resulted in wider markets with reduced costs and greater reach. Thus technology has facilitated the creation of global networks, which has lead to the term weightless economy and virtual enterprise being applied to modern business (Dransfield, 2001, Lefebvre and Lefebvre, 1998). The dot-com boom and bust has now subsided, and businesses do understand that technology is not the magic wand to success, but is a powerful tool that can bring great advantages. The advantages offered by the Internet simply cannot be ignored. It is also widely accepted that the implementation and use of technology requires a coherent IT strategy. Many large organisations today have the specific top executive post of Chief Information Officer, who is responsible for developing the IT strategy. Hagel and Brown (2001) point out that old IT management assumptions will be overturned by the stream of new Internet based services that offer great cost savings and new opportunities for collaboration. Old ERP (enterprise resource planning) systems have solved some problems, but have created new ones, especially because they are very restrictive. The Internet on the other hand, has a very defining characteristic of being open and flexible – it is based on open standards, has email and w eb servers distributed all around the globe, and anyone can easily set up servers that offer web services. Hagel and Brown further say that businesses should effect a transition to a new IT strategy based on Web-based services. They recommend a strategy that builds on the companys existing systems, starting with the peripheral operations, and the use of common platforms for collaborations. They predict that the early use of Web services focused on reducing costs will be followed by its use for efficiency. The development of a new IT strategy however, has to be in alignment with the business strategy. Louis et al (1998) bring a strategic alignment perspective to the study of successful management of information technology and stress the need for internal consistency between IT strategy and business strategy. They define four types of alignment between IT strategy and business strategy Business- strategy-led, Conservative, Organization-led and Technology-led. Plant (2000) identifies one key issue of strategy execution that is often overlooked by an organisation – content ownership. He states that content may be king, but the best content often comes from an acknowledgement that it is the total environment within the organisation that contributes and supports to the development of that content. This in fact can be said to be the cornerstone of the strategy for management of information. Plant also rightly points out that e-commerce organisations require a much more adaptive struc ture than traditional command and control structures. He suggests that the formulation of Internet strategies must vary according to whether the organisation was born on the Internet, has been established and is now moving to the Internet, or forming new collaborations on the Internet, and describes in detail the process each type of organisation can adopt to formulate their Internet strategies. Dell Computers is a company that has leveraged on the Internet and created a business model that has given itself a very powerful competitive advantage over its competitors. It is a very good example of a company that has formulated a very good business strategy that uses the Internet to specifically gain advantage over its competitors. Michael Dell, who set up Dell Computers famously said that Think of the Internet as a weapon there on the table. Either you pick it up or your competitor doesbut somebody is going to get killed. (Burrows, 1999). Arora et al explain that the presence of markets for technology conditions the IT strategy as well as the corporate strategy of companies. The markets for technology increase the strategy space, as companies have a choice about the use of technology. This in turn has implications for the management to formulate a strategy for more proactive management of technology. They further point out that at the industry level, markets for technology may lower barriers to entry and increase competition, which has important implications for the companys broader strategy as well. As society evolves and becomes more technology dependant, businesses have to evolve correspondingly too. It is no longer sufficient to simply be the best – change happens, and companies have to adapt to this change in order to maintain their position. Technology is one of the biggest factors of this change and this makes it very important that corporate business strategy and IT strategy of a company are in alignment for a company to succeed. References Arora, A., Fosfuri, A. and Gambardella, A. (2001) Markets for Technology and their Implications for Corporate Strategy Industrial and Corporate Change, Vol 10, Number 2, pp. 419-451 Oxford University Press Bakos, J.Y., Treacy, M.E. (1986) Information Technology and Corporate Strategy: A Research Perspective MIS Quaterly Vol. 10, No.2, p.107 Burrows, P. (1999) Michael S. Dell BusinessWeek Online, September 27, 1999 Issue (Available online at http://www.businessweek.com/1999/99_39/b3648052.htm last accessed May 2007) Dransfield, R. (2001) Corporate Strategy Harcourt Heineman Evan P Wurster T (2000) Blown to Bits, How the New Economics of Information Transforms Strategy Boston, Mass. : Harvard Business School / London McGraw-Hill. Hagel, J. and Brown, J.S. (2001) Your Next IT Strategy Harvard Business Review Oct 2001, pp. 105 – 113. Hee-Dong Y., Mason, R.M. (1998) The Internet, value chain visibility and learning Proceedings of the Thirty-First Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 1998. Vol. 6 pp. 23-32 Johnson, G. and Scholes, K., Whittington, R. (2005) Exploring Corporate Strategies Harlow: Prentice-Hall, 7th Edition Ma, L.C.K., Burn, J.M., Galliers, R.D., Powell, P. (1998) Successful management of information technology: a strategic alignment perspective Proceedings of the Thirty-First Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 1998. Vol. 6 pp. 13-14 Boddy, D, Boonstra, A. and Kennedy G. (2005) Managing Information systems: An Organisational Perspective Harlow: Financial Times/Prentice Hall. 2nd Edition Laudon C. and Laudon, J.P. (2006) Management Information Systems Upper Saddle River, NJ : Pearson/Prentice Hall, 9th Edition

Climate Change Essay -- Essays Papers

â€Å"The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change projects that, if unchecked, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations by 2100 will range from 650 to 970 parts per million. As a result, the panel estimates, average global temperature would probably rise by 2.7 to 10.4 degrees between 1990 and 2100 †. Climate change Earth changing climate is attracting more serious attention of environmentalists and politicians in last the years due to heavy concern over the future of our earth. Human heavy dependence on the use of fossil fuels, 90% of commercial energy, is responsible for the 22 % of industrial emissions of gases. According to Michael Toman, â€Å"humans are greatly adding the presence of the gases, commonly referred to as greenhouse gases (GHG’s), by burning fossil fuels and through other industrial activities as well as various kinds of land use, such as deforestation. Such activities are significantly changing the level of gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere which in return can â€Å"work against us when they trap too much sunlight and block outward radiation †. In order to avoid global catastrophe associated with threat of global warming we need to act by reducing global emissions of greenhouse gas concentrations into atmosphere. Global climate change will affect everybody in the world. The negative impacts of global arming will include severe weather change, hobbled ecosystems, with less diversity, with less safe drinking water; inundation of coastal areas from rising sea levels; and greater spread of deceases. As an illustration author, have depicted the growing issue of cancer which can be the leading diseased caused by the erosion of ozone layer that protects people from ultraviolet radiation from the su... ...ler cumulative contribution to the problem and their need for economic growth. Notwithstanding this reality , these nations must be bound by some commitment in the future. 3. A mechanism to encourage transnational investment in technologies that reduce emissions- the creation of a market in emissions reductions will spur the development of the necessary technology and allow reductions to be achieved in the cheapest way possible with allocation of costs consistent with responsibility. In order to protect the earth’s climate we would need to find proper economically suitable and ecologically efficient method that will stop accelerating excess of GHGs. Thus, international cooperation with a organized method should be found for prevention of further damage to our eco system with little economic damage.

New York Police Department Recruitment and Challenges

Thesis StatementSome of this is funny†¦most of it, if accurate, is outrageous. While some of the latter is verifiable, it is difficult to sort out just how much is simply sour grapes and whining because 40 miles to the East, Suffolk Country MOS have a huge contract. New York Police Department cannot get enough applicants to give a test for Police officers 88% of Port Authority Police Department Academy graduates are from New York Police Department cops, 50% of a new class of NYFD class are from New York Police Department. (Lung Worthy et al, 1986).IntroductionThe New York City Police (NYPD) has over the last years been known to be the largest municipal police force in the world with a vital primary responsibility to enforce the law and carry out investigations within the five boroughs of the New York City, which include Nassau, Suffolk, Westchester etc. (Fred. M. Rafilson, 2000).NYPD is dedicated to work towards enhancing the quality of life in the city by working in accordance to the constitution. This is achieved through its mission statement, which is â€Å"Enforce the law, preserve the peace, reduce fear and provide for a safe environment†. (Fred. M. Rafilson, 2000). This in result entails to preventing fear and responding to crime.In the United States, NYPD is considered as being the first modern style police department being an array of specialized services. It is contracted and dedicated to offering expertise in technical operations, K-9, diving or marine skills, aviation or helicopter skills, bomb disposal technology, counterterrorism technology, intelligence skills, antigang techniques, narcotics detection, public transportation, control and public housing. The NYPD has extensive crime scene investigations and laboratory resources while not also overlooking their units, which assist with computer crime investigations. (Fred. M. Rafilson, 2000)Recruitment Requirements for NYPDTo pace afoot into the NYPD academy, the following requirements ar e a prerequisite: one must be an United States citizen at the time of application; one must possess a valid high school diploma or an educational equivalent; one must have successfully completed either sixty (60) college credits from a credible college or a university with at least 2.0 GPA or two (2) years full time United States Military Service. (Reaves, Brian A., 1996).However, one could achieve the above qualifications yet be disqualified for admission because of the following factors: – One may have been convicted of an offence, which indicates lack of good moral character, or disposition towards violence or disorder or which is punishable by one or more years of imprisonment; one may have undergone repeated convictions of an offence, which indicates disrespect of the law; one may have been discharged from an employment as a result of poor behavior or inability to adjust to discipline; one may have been discharged in a dishonorable manner from the military service; one m ay have been convicted of an offence for domestic violence misdemeanor; and lastly, one may have been convicted for committing a felony. (Lung Worthy et al, 1986).A Practical SituationDespite all these requirements and all the theoretical expectations from these special, well-trained and skilled cops a great problem looms in their working circumstances. For any person to work there is always expectations of commensurate benefits from the field of occupation necessary for the daily upkeep of the individual and dependants. The standard of life should also have a direct relationship with the rightful inputs of an individual to the workplace.Future progress should also be projected by the current occupation performance and renumeration. Other workplace related benefits are also very crucial determinants of an employee wellbeing and welfare. All these issues if not properly addressed, will lead to decreased morale, decreased output and poor performance and ultimately high degree of emplo yees’ dropout leading to high turnovers.This is the critical condition facing the NYPD. In 2005, there was a state arbitration and a panel of judges’ decree covering a contract negotiation between NYPD representatives and state representatives, which came up with a pay decrease for new officers. The new outcomes have been discussed here: – On admission, a new hire during training is supposed to earn $25,100 per year. This continues for the next six (6) months. On the completion of the Police Academy, the respective individual becomes entitled to an annual salary increase up to $32,700. To explain this, the state argues that the salaries were adjusted as a result of inflation. In practice these figures are far much low below the living standards of an employed person and they happen to be the lowest pay levels in history for rookie NYPD cops.This was a wrong decision by the jurisdiction of lowering the starting pay for new officers at such a time that the officer s are most impressionable and this act seems particularly unwise to majority of the people. The salary plunge is blamed on state arbitrator and is seen as a bad public policy to reduce the starting salary. The union officers argued that the city first suggested lower starting salaries to fund the pay raises and arbitration was taken to because the city refused to negotiate across the table. The conventional wisdom when applied tends to purport an inverse relationship between salary and corruption as witnessed in the jurisdiction such as New Orleans. (Fred. M. Rafilson, 2000).The issue at hand is very crucial towards motivation of workers. A person of proper orientation cannot even dream or think about joining this career, which is devoid of motivation considering that there exists a high degree of risk in this profession. The situation is further compounded by the fact that out of the meangle pays, the respective officer is expected to purchase virtually all of their belongings and personal items. The items include officers’ uniforms and equipment, which one would expect to get from the Academy or employer. Some issues of quality items in this respect it is worth mentioning.Due to the fact of fluctuated pay anybody is highly tempted to go for the least expensive item and it is common sense that least expensive is least quality. The practice of officers buying uniforms and equipment for themselves has an outlay that can easily run into thousands of dollars. As a solution, the Municipal Union in 2007 through the Municipal Credit Union began issuing visa credit cards to the Police Academy as a way to borrow the money needed towards the mandatory equipment purchases.Top pay for experienced officers is no better compared with pay of other potential employers. The recommended top pay for an experienced NYPD officer is $59,588 not including overtime payments and other forms of compensation. The major contributor to these problems is the municipal funding agent s, which although it has continually funded other city project.The new basketball arena in Brooklyn got an approximate 8.3 acres land, which although it was a part of a forest the administration asserts that this is no land grabbing. For the sake of its development it got a further $100 million. (Kleining John, 1996). The Second Avenue Train line got the full funding agreement with a massive $2.5 bond issues and its work expected to follow within weeks to months. (Kleining John, 1996).The Mayor’s Green Plan is raising quite substantial amount whereby drivers are levied for entering Manhattan at rates of $8 for personal vehicles and $21 for truck operators. Major tugs of war have been evidently available as is the case of the New York Civil Liberties Union (NYCLU), which urged the council members to provide the Civilian Complaint Review Board (CCRB) with adequate funding and to hold it accountable for recent lapses in its performance. NYCLU decried to Mayor Bloomberg’s proposals to cut CCRB funding by $1.2 million eliminating twenty four investigator positions and urged the city council to restore the CCRB’s funding to demand cooperation from NYPD and other agencies involved in the civilian review process.The NYCLU was actively instrumental in the creation of the independent CCRB in the year 2002, and has been an outspoken advocate for a vigorous and independent civilian review system. As part of this effort, the NYCLU has fought CCRB budget cuts year after year and has been highly critical of NYPD efforts to undermine the CCRB’s work. (Kleining John, 1996). Whereas the policy makers and implementers argue that they are in favor of keeping tabs on the people suspected of unlawful activities, they argue that the police should not be scrutinizing law abiding New Yorkers’ activities without regulations.Low pay is driving more and more New York’s finest to leave the job despite ranks being bolstered. Especially in 2005 and 2006, 1,769 officers were reported to quit job before their retirement eligibility. (Kleining John, 1996). The numbers have had a real impact on the streets and city hall does not have the courage to solve the problem.Difficulties Compounding Police Force IssueSome extremely difficult times were experienced in the city brought about by the economic downturn of the 1970. An arson attack particularly plagued Bronx leading to permeability of an atmosphere of lawlessness in the city. In addition, the city’s financial crisis led to a hiring freeze on all city departments including the NYPD from 1976 to 1980. (Eli B. Silverman, 1990). A crack epidemic of late 1980s and early 1990s followed in suit the arson attack, which is believed most certainly led to the city’s homicide rate to soar to an all time higher. A marvelous record of murder, so great that it has yet remained difficult to break in any other US major city, was recorded in 1990. (Eli B. Silverman, 1990).The situat ion was further complicated by continuous thefts associated with drug addiction increasing became common. Furthermore, on September 11, 2001, twenty-three NYPD officers were killed when the World Trade Centre collapsed due to terrorist attack. More lives were lost that year than any other year in the NYPD’s history. (Eli B. Silverman, 1990).All through history, the NYPD has suffered from numerous allegations of corruption. However, as the many commissions of inquiry convened to inquire about these alleged matters, the results have shown these instances of corruption reflect far greater on the individual’s involved rather than do on a systemic form of corruption. As a matter of fact, the instances of corruption when compared through statistics to the sheer number of the departments as a whole, the NYPD actually has a lower corruption rate than many other departments.Most commissions on corruption blame low morale and chronically low salary as the large contributing fact or. As things sour up to such heights it remains questionable as to the destiny and way out for these unlucky officers. Information permeability is in place of existing training and working condition in other departments of equal capacity as the NYPD.Situation Outside NYPDIt is crystal clear that in nearby departments’ payments is considerably more ranging from $50,000 for new hires and over $90,000 for experienced officers. Over the last few years hundreds of NYPD city officers have been found to leave for higher paying jobs with other agencies notably the Nassau County Police Department, the Suffolk County Police Department and the Port Authority Police of New York and New Jersey. (Bratton et al, 1998). Discontent over pay issues has become so widespread and so well known that higher paying departments in the lower cost of living areas such as the Rochester New York Police are actively recruiting NYPD officers to join their forces.Large numbers of NYPD officers have also mi grated to the New York City Fire Departments where, although the payments are similar to that of NYPD, work schedules are more attractive and they are privileged to have a more amicable relationship with the public. (Bratton et al, 1998). However, the NYPD is not comfortable with the exodus taken by their trained employees. Resources have been used for the training and therefore the exodus is a big loss to NYPD. Employees’ turnover is also a bad influence facing NYPD as a result of this exodus.Therefore, to counteract the exodus, the NYPD is using contract changes to forbid the prior practice of allowing police officers who join the fire department to transfer their seniority for a compensation purposes. With all new firefighters now compelled to begin working at the same starting pay, the number of NYPD officials willing to exit over to the FDNY is likely to fall considerably. (Bratton et al, 1998).Some NYPD officers charge that the department leadership is seeking to stem t he flow of officers to other jurisdictions by administrative means. In January 2006, 35 NYPD officers seeking to move to the Port Authority Police sued the NYPD claiming that it was refusing to make their personal records available to Ports Authority Police Department (PAPD) background investigators. The plaintiffs won the injunction at the trial level but the appellate division in January 2007 overturned that ruling and ordered that case to trial. (James T. Hamilton, 2000). For its part, the NYPD claims that its actions are merely in line with the personnel practices of any other employers and that there is no â€Å"stealth† effort to prevent officers from moving elsewhere.Nonetheless, it is a fact that no NYPD officers have been included in the last PAPD Police Academy as a result of the deliberate confinement of their background records by their employer NYPD. Despite these obstacles, there are signs that the exodus from the NYPD may become accelerating. In 2006, 902 offic ers resigned before eligibility for retirement. The number had been 867 in the previous year (2005) and 635 in the other previous year (2004), which contributes for an attrition rate of around 2%. (James T. Hamilton, 2000).While the Police Commissioner Raymond Kelly insists that the figures compares positively with the turnover rates in private industry, police union officials note that the proper comparison should be with prior years on the NYPD records in past years. For example, in 1991 only 15% officers left early thus recording an attrition rate of less than one half of one percent. (James T. Hamilton, 2000).The unfair state in NYPD has impacted negative picture of the Academy. Recruits and skilled officers are expected to take care of their transport costs. They are also supposed to cater for costs of their duty belts, handcuffs, flashlights etc. whenever they wear out. The cost of maintaining fresh supplies has been uncatered for by the Academy. The supervisors treat recruits and officers like children and the harsh manner of the supervisors create disrespect in the Academy. Recruits are taken for field experience and during the occasion they are given up to supervisory jobs. Due to the frequent turnover some identified officers and recruits are forced to act on supervisory capacity without an extra pay.At the end of it all participation in unions is crippled due to crippled financial status. They are also incapacitated to play meaningful roles in the society and their background society issues are very poor.The potential recruit of NYPD should expect to earn the lowest pay while working in the most dangerous environment in the tri-state area and should also expect picayune disciplinary action with a trial room having nearly 100% conviction rate. Dozens of civilian complaints from criminals and then complaints are investigated by cop hating, democratic club hacks. The recruit should also expect to be a great â€Å"white defendant† seeking publici ty, grand-standing district attorney have their life ruined when they make a good faith mistake they become financially destroyed plus their families by paying huge money in legal fees.The cop expects the boss ever behind while executing duties, any civilian complaint with a controversial case falls on the cops shoulders. The supervisors of the cops are ready to protect politicians at the expense of their junior cops. The members of the department above the rank of lieutenant are ready to earn promotion through suppression of their juniors. The NYPD cop members are the most demoralized army group. They give protection to millions of liberal, unappreciative citizens and democratic officers who hate them.The cops are also vilified by phony ministers who command huge sums of government poverty money to aid and assist crime. The cops transcend through six months of training then in disquiets join other police departments leaving their leaders searching for reasons of the exodus. As seni or members of NYPD shift to other departments, such as Suffolk County Cop, a vacancy opening leaves a promotion slot quickly.ConclusionThe result of poor funding in NYPD is a poor social economic structure. This leads to exit and exodus of those who enter NYPD Academy leading to brain drain and employee turnover. The lack of funding has created a huge salary disparity between NYPD and other same category departments. Any well-qualified person fears any indulgence with NYPD. Although their entry requirements are well outlines, a number of recruits gain entry into the Academy without the possession of valid driving licenses, relevant credentials possibility of suffering some disqualifications creates problems of retention of probationary employees since discontent and lack of motivation is the cause of exodus to a better place.ReferencesBratton, William J. & Knobler Peter (1998) Turnaround: How American Top Cops Reversed the Crime Epidemic. New York: Random House.Eli B. Silverman (199 0) NYPD Battles Crime: Innovative Strategies in Policing. North Eastern University Press. ISBN-13:978-15555340011.Fred. M. Rafilson (2000) Police Officer Arco; 13th Ed. ISBN-13:978-0028637419.James T. Hamilton (2000) Channeling Violence. Princeton University Press. New Ed. ISBN-13:978-0691070247.Kleining John (1996) The Ethics of Policing. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.Lung Worthy, Robert H. (1986) The Structure of Police Organizations. New York. Praeger.Reaves, Brian A. (1996) Local Police Departments. Diane Pub Co. ISBN-13:978-0788130076. New York Police Department Recruitment And Challenges Some of this is funny†¦most of it, if accurate, is outrageous. While some of the latter is verifiable, it is difficult to sort out just how much is simply sour grapes and whining because 40 miles to the East, Suffolk Country MOS have a huge contract. New York Police Department cannot get enough applicants to give a test for Police officers 88% of Port Authority Police Department Academy graduates are from New York Police Department cops, 50% of a new class of NYFD class are from New York Police Department. (Lung Worthy et al, 1986).IntroductionThe New York City Police (NYPD) has over the last years been known to be the largest municipal police force in the world with a vital primary responsibility to enforce the law and carry out investigations within the five boroughs of the New York City, which include Nassau, Suffolk, Westchester etc. (Fred. M. Rafilson, 2000).NYPD is dedicated to work towards enhancing the quality of life in the city by working in accordance to the constitut ion. This is achieved through its mission statement, which is â€Å"Enforce the law, preserve the peace, reduce fear and provide for a safe environment†. (Fred. M. Rafilson, 2000). This in result entails to preventing fear and responding to crime.In the United States, NYPD is considered as being the first modern style police department being an array of specialized services. It is contracted and dedicated to offering expertise in technical operations, K-9, diving or marine skills, aviation or helicopter skills, bomb disposal technology, counterterrorism technology, intelligence skills, antigang techniques, narcotics detection, public transportation, control and public housing. The NYPD has extensive crime scene investigations and laboratory resources while not also overlooking their units, which assist with computer crime investigations. (Fred. M. Rafilson, 2000)Recruitment Requirements for NYPDTo pace afoot into the NYPD academy, the following requirements are a prerequisite : one must be an United States citizen at the time of application; one must possess a valid high school diploma or an educational equivalent; one must have successfully completed either sixty (60) college credits from a credible college or a university with at least 2.0 GPA or two (2) years full time United States Military Service. (Reaves, Brian A., 1996).However, one could achieve the above qualifications yet be disqualified for admission because of the following factors: – One may have been convicted of an offence, which indicates lack of good moral character, or disposition towards violence or disorder or which is punishable by one or more years of imprisonment; one may have undergone repeated convictions of an offence, which indicates disrespect of the law; one may have been discharged from an employment as a result of poor behavior or inability to adjust to discipline; one may have been discharged in a dishonorable manner from the military service; one may have been con victed of an offence for domestic violence misdemeanor; and lastly, one may have been convicted for committing a felony. (Lung Worthy et al, 1986).A Practical SituationDespite all these requirements and all the theoretical expectations from these special, well-trained and skilled cops a great problem looms in their working circumstances. For any person to work there is always expectations of commensurate benefits from the field of occupation necessary for the daily upkeep of the individual and dependants. The standard of life should also have a direct relationship with the rightful inputs of an individual to the workplace. Future progress should also be projected by the current occupation performance and renumeration. Other workplace related benefits are also very crucial determinants of an employee wellbeing and welfare. All these issues if not properly addressed, will lead to decreased morale, decreased output and poor performance and ultimately high degree of employees’ dr opout leading to high turnovers.This is the critical condition facing the NYPD. In 2005, there was a state arbitration and a panel of judges’ decree covering a contract negotiation between NYPD representatives and state representatives, which came up with a pay decrease for new officers. The new outcomes have been discussed here: – On admission, a new hire during training is supposed to earn $25,100 per year. This continues for the next six (6) months. On the completion of the Police Academy, the respective individual becomes entitled to an annual salary increase up to $32,700. To explain this, the state argues that the salaries were adjusted as a result of inflation. In practice these figures are far much low below the living standards of an employed person and they happen to be the lowest pay levels in history for rookie NYPD cops.This was a wrong decision by the jurisdiction of lowering the starting pay for new officers at such a time that the officers are most impr essionable and this act seems particularly unwise to majority of the people. The salary plunge is blamed on state arbitrator and is seen as a bad public policy to reduce the starting salary. The union officers argued that the city first suggested lower starting salaries to fund the pay raises and arbitration was taken to because the city refused to negotiate across the table. The conventional wisdom when applied tends to purport an inverse relationship between salary and corruption as witnessed in the jurisdiction such as New Orleans. (Fred. M. Rafilson, 2000).The issue at hand is very crucial towards motivation of workers. A person of proper orientation cannot even dream or think about joining this career, which is devoid of motivation considering that there exists a high degree of risk in this profession. The situation is further compounded by the fact that out of the meangle pays, the respective officer is expected to purchase virtually all of their belongings and personal items. The items include officers’ uniforms and equipment, which one would expect to get from the Academy or employer. Some issues of quality items in this respect it is worth mentioning.Due to the fact of fluctuated pay anybody is highly tempted to go for the least expensive item and it is common sense that least expensive is least quality. The practice of officers buying uniforms and equipment for themselves has an outlay that can easily run into thousands of dollars. As a solution, the Municipal Union in 2007 through the Municipal Credit Union began issuing visa credit cards to the Police Academy as a way to borrow the money needed towards the mandatory equipment purchases.Top pay for experienced officers is no better compared with pay of other potential employers. The recommended top pay for an experienced NYPD officer is $59,588 not including overtime payments and other forms of compensation. The major contributor to these problems is the municipal funding agents, which althou gh it has continually funded other city project. The new basketball arena in Brooklyn got an approximate 8.3 acres land, which although it was a part of a forest the administration asserts that this is no land grabbing. For the sake of its development it got a further $100 million. (Kleining John, 1996). The Second Avenue Train line got the full funding agreement with a massive $2.5 bond issues and its work expected to follow within weeks to months. (Kleining John, 1996).The Mayor’s Green Plan is raising quite substantial amount whereby drivers are levied for entering Manhattan at rates of $8 for personal vehicles and $21 for truck operators. Major tugs of war have been evidently available as is the case of the New York Civil Liberties Union (NYCLU), which urged the council members to provide the Civilian Complaint Review Board (CCRB) with adequate funding and to hold it accountable for recent lapses in its performance. NYCLU decried to Mayor Bloomberg’s proposals to c ut CCRB funding by $1.2 million eliminating twenty four investigator positions and urged the city council to restore the CCRB’s funding to demand cooperation from NYPD and other agencies involved in the civilian review process.The NYCLU was actively instrumental in the creation of the independent CCRB in the year 2002, and has been an outspoken advocate for a vigorous and independent civilian review system. As part of this effort, the NYCLU has fought CCRB budget cuts year after year and has been highly critical of NYPD efforts to undermine the CCRB’s work. (Kleining John, 1996). Whereas the policy makers and implementers argue that they are in favor of keeping tabs on the people suspected of unlawful activities, they argue that the police should not be scrutinizing law abiding New Yorkers’ activities without regulations.Low pay is driving more and more New York’s finest to leave the job despite ranks being bolstered. Especially in 2005 and 2006, 1,769 of ficers were reported to quit job before their retirement eligibility. (Kleining John, 1996). The numbers have had a real impact on the streets and city hall does not have the courage to solve the problem.Difficulties Compounding Police Force IssueSome extremely difficult times were experienced in the city brought about by the economic downturn of the 1970. An arson attack particularly plagued Bronx leading to permeability of an atmosphere of lawlessness in the city. In addition, the city’s financial crisis led to a hiring freeze on all city departments including the NYPD from 1976 to 1980. (Eli B. Silverman, 1990). A crack epidemic of late 1980s and early 1990s followed in suit the arson attack, which is believed most certainly led to the city’s homicide rate to soar to an all time higher. A marvelous record of murder, so great that it has yet remained difficult to break in any other US major city, was recorded in 1990. (Eli B. Silverman, 1990).The situation was furthe r complicated by continuous thefts associated with drug addiction increasing became common. Furthermore, on September 11, 2001, twenty-three NYPD officers were killed when the World Trade Centre collapsed due to terrorist attack. More lives were lost that year than any other year in the NYPD’s history. (Eli B. Silverman, 1990).All through history, the NYPD has suffered from numerous allegations of corruption. However, as the many commissions of inquiry convened to inquire about these alleged matters, the results have shown these instances of corruption reflect far greater on the individual’s involved rather than do on a systemic form of corruption. As a matter of fact, the instances of corruption when compared through statistics to the sheer number of the departments as a whole, the NYPD actually has a lower corruption rate than many other departments. Most commissions on corruption blame low morale and chronically low salary as the large contributing factor. As things sour up to such heights it remains questionable as to the destiny and way out for these unlucky officers. Information permeability is in place of existing training and working condition in other departments of equal capacity as the NYPD.Situation Outside NYPDIt is crystal clear that in nearby departments’ payments is considerably more ranging from $50,000 for new hires and over $90,000 for experienced officers. Over the last few years hundreds of NYPD city officers have been found to leave for higher paying jobs with other agencies notably the Nassau County Police Department, the Suffolk County Police Department and the Port Authority Police of New York and New Jersey. (Bratton et al, 1998). Discontent over pay issues has become so widespread and so well known that higher paying departments in the lower cost of living areas such as the Rochester New York Police are actively recruiting NYPD officers to join their forces. Large numbers of NYPD officers have also migrated to th e New York City Fire Departments where, although the payments are similar to that of NYPD, work schedules are more attractive and they are privileged to have a more amicable relationship with the public. (Bratton et al, 1998).However, the NYPD is not comfortable with the exodus taken by their trained employees. Resources have been used for the training and therefore the exodus is a big loss to NYPD. Employees’ turnover is also a bad influence facing NYPD as a result of this exodus. Therefore, to counteract the exodus, the NYPD is using contract changes to forbid the prior practice of allowing police officers who join the fire department to transfer their seniority for a compensation purposes. With all new firefighters now compelled to begin working at the same starting pay, the number of NYPD officials willing to exit over to the FDNY is likely to fall considerably. (Bratton et al, 1998).Some NYPD officers charge that the department leadership is seeking to stem the flow of o fficers to other jurisdictions by administrative means. In January 2006, 35 NYPD officers seeking to move to the Port Authority Police sued the NYPD claiming that it was refusing to make their personal records available to Ports Authority Police Department (PAPD) background investigators. The plaintiffs won the injunction at the trial level but the appellate division in January 2007 overturned that ruling and ordered that case to trial. (James T. Hamilton, 2000). For its part, the NYPD claims that its actions are merely in line with the personnel practices of any other employers and that there is no â€Å"stealth† effort to prevent officers from moving elsewhere.Nonetheless, it is a fact that no NYPD officers have been included in the last PAPD Police Academy as a result of the deliberate confinement of their background records by their employer NYPD. Despite these obstacles, there are signs that the exodus from the NYPD may become accelerating. In 2006, 902 officers resigned before eligibility for retirement. The number had been 867 in the previous year (2005) and 635 in the other previous year (2004), which contributes for an attrition rate of around 2%. (James T. Hamilton, 2000).While the Police Commissioner Raymond Kelly insists that the figures compares positively with the turnover rates in private industry, police union officials note that the proper comparison should be with prior years on the NYPD records in past years. For example, in 1991 only 15% officers left early thus recording an attrition rate of less than one half of one percent. (James T. Hamilton, 2000).The unfair state in NYPD has impacted negative picture of the Academy. Recruits and skilled officers are expected to take care of their transport costs. They are also supposed to cater for costs of their duty belts, handcuffs, flashlights etc. whenever they wear out. The cost of maintaining fresh supplies has been uncatered for by the Academy. The supervisors treat recruits and officer s like children and the harsh manner of the supervisors create disrespect in the Academy. Recruits are taken for field experience and during the occasion they are given up to supervisory jobs. Due to the frequent turnover some identified officers and recruits are forced to act on supervisory capacity without an extra pay.At the end of it all participation in unions is crippled due to crippled financial status. They are also incapacitated to play meaningful roles in the society and their background society issues are very poor.The potential recruit of NYPD should expect to earn the lowest pay while working in the most dangerous environment in the tri-state area and should also expect picayune disciplinary action with a trial room having nearly 100% conviction rate. Dozens of civilian complaints from criminals and then complaints are investigated by cop hating, democratic club hacks. The recruit should also expect to be a great â€Å"white defendant† seeking publicity, grand-st anding district attorney have their life ruined when they make a good faith mistake they become financially destroyed plus their families by paying huge money in legal fees. The cop expects the boss ever behind while executing duties, any civilian complaint with a controversial case falls on the cops shoulders.The supervisors of the cops are ready to protect politicians at the expense of their junior cops. The members of the department above the rank of lieutenant are ready to earn promotion through suppression of their juniors. The NYPD cop members are the most demoralized army group. They give protection to millions of liberal, unappreciative citizens and democratic officers who hate them. The cops are also vilified by phony ministers who command huge sums of government poverty money to aid and assist crime. The cops transcend through six months of training then in disquiets join other police departments leaving their leaders searching for reasons of the exodus. As senior members of NYPD shift to other departments, such as Suffolk County Cop, a vacancy opening leaves a promotion slot quickly.ConclusionThe result of poor funding in NYPD is a poor social economic structure. This leads to exit and exodus of those who enter NYPD Academy leading to brain drain and employee turnover. The lack of funding has created a huge salary disparity between NYPD and other same category departments. Any well-qualified person fears any indulgence with NYPD. Although their entry requirements are well outlines, a number of recruits gain entry into the Academy without the possession of valid driving licenses, relevant credentials possibility of suffering some disqualifications creates problems of retention of probationary employees since discontent and lack of motivation is the cause of exodus to a better place.ReferencesBratton, William J. & Knobler Peter (1998) Turnaround: How American Top Cops Reversed the Crime Epidemic. New York: Random House.Eli B. Silverman (1990) NYPD Bat tles Crime: Innovative Strategies in Policing. North Eastern University Press. ISBN-13:978-15555340011.Fred. M. Rafilson (2000) Police Officer Arco; 13th Ed. ISBN-13:978-0028637419.James T. Hamilton (2000) Channeling Violence. Princeton University Press. New Ed. ISBN-13:978-0691070247.Kleining John (1996) The Ethics of Policing. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.Lung Worthy, Robert H. (1986) The Structure of Police Organizations. New York. Praeger.Reaves, Brian A. (1996) Local Police Departments. Diane Pub Co. ISBN-13:978-0788130076.

Professionalism Essay Example

Professionalism Essay Example Professionalism Essay Professionalism Essay Over the last two hundred years nursing has changed on so dramatically In so many ways. While I was researching for this paper I had a hard time choosing Just five changes but I did narrow it down to: job duties, public image, education standards, nurse patient ratios, and technology. Job duties: This one I found so very interesting; we have come so far. Nurses were first known as handmaidens. Their role was limited to doing exactly what the doctor told them. Typical duties included: cleaning of the patients areas, sweep/mop floors, making beds, laundry, giving patients food, help patients in/out of bed, and occasionally help with bandages. Nurses in the sasss were a lot like a maid In my opinion. Today nurses are a lot more Involved in the patients actual care. The nurses duties include assessments, development of a nursing plan, patient/family teaching, medication education, and many other hands on duties. Nurses are given a lot of responsibility today, they are no longer the doctors handmaiden. Public Image: The public Image of a nurse has changed, In my pollen, for the better In recent years. From all the reading I did while researching for this paper it almost sounded as if this was a job that woman who could find a husband would have, or maybe Just until they found a husband. If fact, for many years nurses were not allowed to be married or have children as it was thought these would be a distraction. Nursing has become a highly respected profession today. Nurses are viewed as more than the doctors handmaiden by society. Nurses are highly educated professional who advocate for their patients. According to Gallup poll, nursing has been rated the number 1 for honesty and ethical standards for the 1 lath year in a row. Education Standards: In the sasss medical training throughout the United States was still largely through apprenticeships. In 1860, Florence Nightingale founded the first professional nurse training school in England. I think this was the start for the push in the united States as well. Dorothy Dixie fought for women to be allowed to treat men during the Civil War. At first there were certain parameters, but those soon went by the wayside as the need for nurses increased. Throughout this time the education required was increasing as well. In 1873, the first educational programs for nurses in the United States were established in New York, Massachusetts, and Connecticut. The education requirements today are much higher. Some employers will accept two year degree but more and more a moving to require a four year degree. These degrees are meant to make sure the nurse Is well educated In many areas. Nurses now are expected to now when an order, medication, or dosage Is wrong and be able to effectively communicate that with the doctor to ensure the patient receives the best possible care. Nurse to Patient ratio: Until ten very late Into ten early z nurse to patient orators were completely unregulated. Only thirteen states currently have legislation about staffing ratios and those laws are very vague. Nurse to patient ratios are important for so many reasons. A few of those reasons are safety for the patient as well as the nurse, quality of care given to the patient and patient satisfaction. Technology: Technology has changed the face of nursing dramatically. Gone are the days of black and red pens, along with paper orders and written MARs. Patients are assigned a MR. (medical record number); this number will bring up all of their medical records that are within that specific health system. If a patient signs the Care Everywhere consent, certain health systems can link to each other. This technology gives providers a greater look into the patients history. This is Just a small touch on the many ways nursing has changed in the last two hundred years.

Good Essay Writing Skills

Good Essay Writing Skills Good essay writers and paper writers are not born writers rather they are nurtured. Writing is a skill, and like any other, it is learnt with time. It calls for self-motivation and focus. The beginning of good essay writing The beginning of good essay writing is not an endeavor of one day; it sprouts from long hours of toils and labour. Good writing is a combination of both ‘self’ and ‘other’. What do I mean? By â€Å"self† I mean personal effort which may be achieved through reading and practice. By ‘Other’ I mean an exhortation from those around us or a call of need from situation where one is forced to start writing (may it be for monetary gains or professional development or exposure). Good writing may also come about as a result of environment one grew in, an environment that encouraged reading and writing. Parents and first teachers in this case have a great role to play. Conclusively it can be said that good writing is a combination of ‘self’ and ‘other’ but the former takes precedence. Elements of good essay writing Elements of good writing include: 1. Originality: Good writing consists of internalization and bringing out the best that can be! It is not a duplication of other people’s ideas; it goes beyond. 2. Self-discipline: the writer should be focused and disciplined, ready to make self-sacrifice 3. In-depth reading. Good writing is all about consulting various sources to have a good backing. 4. Openness to learning: one should be open to learning, should have openness of mind to receive ideas from others. 5. Relaxed mind: one should be relaxed to allow the flowing of ideas. 6. Variation of tone in writing: the writer should be able to vary the language structure, be simple, concise and clear Conclusively, good essay writing is a skill that continues to be sharpened with years of experience; it is a process that requires patience, persistence and pursuance.

How the World Empires of the late Iron Age Near East (Assyria, Essay

How the World Empires of the late Iron Age Near East (Assyria, Babylon, Persia) fundamentally reshaped the political and socia - Essay Example This civilization started with the Sumerians at about 5000 BC and continued through the bronze and iron ages until the conquest by the Achaemenid Empire in the 6th century BC or Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC. In fact, the iron age, the final technological and cultural stage in the Stone–Bronze–Iron-Age sequence, started in the Ancient Near East in about 1300 BC (Waldbaum 1978). During the Iron Age, there were several regional powers, each vying for dominance of the region. These powers include the kingdoms of Assyria, Babylonia, Luwian, Aramaic, Urartu and the Persian Empires. Following the reforms of Tiglath-Pileser III, Assyria assumed a position of great regional power, competing with its southern Mesopotamian rival Babylonia. The Persian Empire at the height of its power, rule over significant portions of Greater Iran. It was the largest empire of classical antiquity, spanning three continents that include Asia Minor, Thrace, many of the Black Sea, Iraq, northern Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Israel, Lebanon, Syria, and all significant population centers of ancient Egypt as far west and east as Libya, Afghanistan, parts of Pakistan, and Central Asia. These kingdoms were, indeed, center of civilization (Waldbaum 1978). They were the first to practice intensive year-round agriculture by taking advantage of the accessible water supply, which provide water for irrigation, and the ideal climate. They also gave the rest of the world the first system of writing in addition to inventing the potter’s wheel and the vehicular- and mill wheel. Notable among their influence in history and contribution to civilization is their centralized system of government, law codes, social stratification, and organized warfare. In fact, the idea of political or legal authority is exerted or coordinated by a de facto political executive (king) to which all other authorities must submit have its root in the Ancient Near East. Furthermore, these empires gave th e world the first codified legal system. The Babylonian Code of Hammurabi provides an example: â€Å"If any one ensnares another, putting a ban upon him, but he cannot prove it, then he that ensnared him shall be put to death.† Their tax structure, which was basically rent, was apparently based on the principle that all of the conquered lands were the actual property of the king. One of their most influential contributions is their religious thoughts. For instance, the cosmogonies of Egypt, Babylonia, Phoenicia, and Anatolia were transmitted in part to the West and formed the basis of much of the cosmogonies of Hesiod and the Orphics before 600 BC, as well as the background for the cosmogonies of Thales and Anaximander in the 6th century BC (Encyclop?dia Britannica). In addition, the religious tradition of the Near East Kingdom also influenced Pythagorean and Platonic thinking. Furthermore Stoic philosophy was influenced by Babylonian astrology. As mentioned above, the empire s of the Near East are reputed for their centralized system of government. At the center of government was the Kings, known as king of kings. His court is composed of powerful hereditary landholders, the upper echelons of the army, the harem, religious functionaries, and the bureaucracy that administered the whole (Encyclop?dia Britannica). The provinces were administered by governors, appointed by the king of kings. The

Mayhem at Chauri Chaura Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mayhem at Chauri Chaura - Essay Example Such an immense effort involved the coalescing of a range of ideologies and ethos, some of which blatantly crossed the limits of the much cherished Gandhian principles of non-violence and non-cooperation. Indian freedom struggle stands to be unique in the sense that it achieved its objectives not through one single onslaught or revolution, but did so through a series intermixed and interspersed active and passive movements and incidents that are prominently or blurredly scattered across the landscape of the Indian national movement. The so called mayhem at Chauri Chaura that took place on 4 February, 1922 has always been a dilemma for the modern historians. On that ominous day, the peasant volunteers affiliated to the Gandhi's non-cooperation movement ran amuck on being provoked by the cops and burned to ground the police station at Chauri Chaura. The unsuspecting and ill prepared policemen who tried to escape were hacked to death. On hearing about this incident, Gandhi immediately decided to withdraw the nascent civil disobedience movement, despite the contrary opinion of a number of prominent Congress leaders. He also successfully managed to persuade the Congress Working Committee to ratify his decision. Thus on 12 February, 19222, the non-cooperation movement that had attracted the hopes and aspirations of the entire nation, abruptly came to an end. According to Shahid Amin, "this dramatic occurrence simply had to be quickly forgotten as a stain upon the clean sheets of Gandhian non-violence (14)". However, the ghost of Chauri Chaura refused to die on that ill fated day and still off and on pops out from the dark nooks and recesses of the Indian history. The meaning and interpretation of the incidents at Chauri Chaura have many a times, changed and altered and are even today being redefined and reanalyzed by the contemporary historians and the students of history.The very fact that Gandhi vociferously disassociated himself from the violence at Chauri Chaura and openly criticized and denounced the incident under consideration as "The Crime of Gorakhpur" set the pace for the imperialist and the nationalist historians. For a long time the imperialist and the nationalist historians managed to maintain their hegemony, so far as the task of assigning meaning to the events at Chaura Chauri were concerned. In the words of Theodore Piggott, the judge who presided over the hearings of the Chaura Chauri accused, "If we treated the mob of deluded peasants as rebels we may possibly dignify the riot as waging war against the King. The only alternative was to deal with the offenders as ordinary criminals (Amin 111). Thus the imperialist historians left no stone unturned in dubbing the violence at Chauri Chaura as a regular breach of law and order and succeeded in diluting the significance of this epoch making incident. The nationalist interpretation also hovers around the imperialist